Lesson 9
Education: One of the Key Words of Our Time

Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states “invest” in institutions of learning to get back “interest” in the form of a large group of enlightened young menwomen who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by text-books—those purchasable wells of wisdom—what would civilization be like without its benefits?

Sodddtt.comis certain: that we would have doctorspreachers, lawyersdefendants, marriagesbirths—but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on “factsfigures”more on a good memory, on applied psychology,on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of “college” imaginable. Among the people whom we like to call savages all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is equally equipped for life.

It is the ideal condition of the “equal start” whichssbbww.comour most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seekto receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no “illiterates”—if the term can be applied to peoples without a script — while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in I642, in France in 1806,in England in 1876,is still non-existent in a number of “civilized” nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the “happy few” during the past centuries.

Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents; therefore the junglesthe savannahs know of no “juvenile delinquency.” No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children,no father is confronted with his inability to “buy” an education for his child.

名人名言

History is the essence of innumerable biographies.

—Thomas Carlyle

Painting, or art generally, as such, with all its technicalities, difficulties,particular ends, is nothing8ttt8.coma nobleexpressive language, invaluable as the vehicle of thought,8ttt8.comby itself nothing.

—William Styrom

There is no object so foul that intense light will not make beautiful. And the stimulus it affords to the sense,a sort of infinitude which it hath, like spacetime, make all matter gay. Even the corpse hath its own beauty.

—Emerson

教育：当代的关键词之一

“教育”是我们sSBbWw时代的关键词之一。我们sSBbWw许多8ttt8人都相信，没有受过教育的人是境况不佳的不幸牺牲品，他们被剥夺了(deprived)20世纪最了不起的机会之一。现代国家由于www.ddd§tt.com确信教育的重要www.8ttt8.com性，才向教育机构“投资”，以期以获得ssbbww一大群有知识的（enlightened）男女青年的形式收回“利息”，这些青年是潜在的领导人。教育的教学周期经过ssbbww了仔细的安排，其周期的标志是教科书，后者是可以www.ssbbww.com买得到的智慧源泉。受不到教育的裨益，文明会成为什么样子呢?

可以www.ssbbww.com肯定的是：医生和牧师，律师和被告（defendant），新婚夫妇和产儿还会有的——不过人们的精神面貌就会不同了。我们sSBbWw会较少强调“资料和数字”，而较多强调良好ssbbww.Com的记忆力、应用心理学以及人们和自己的伙伴相处的能力。如果8 tt t8.com我们sSBbWw的教育制度效法没有书籍的古代教育，我们sSBbWw的学院将具有可以www.ssbbww.com想象得出<8TtT8.CoMdiv>的最民主的形式了。在我们sSBbWw喜欢称为野人（savage）的人们中间www.8ttt8.com，传统留下的一切知识为全民共享，这种知识要授予部落的每一个成员，所以8ttt8在这方面www.sSbbww.com，给每个人配备的生活的本领是相等的。

只有现代教育最进步的形式才去努力恢复的就是www.8ttt8.com这种“平等起点”的理想状态www .ddd Tt. com。在原始文化中，寻求和接受传统教育的义务对全民都有约束力。那里没有“文盲”(如果8 tt t8.com这个www.8ttt8.com词语可以www.ssbbww.com用于没有文字的人群的话)，而我们sSBbWw的义务教育在德国成为法律是在1642年，在法国是在1806年，在英国是在1876年，但是dddTt在许多8ttt8“文明”的国家里，义务（compulsory）教育仍然www.8tTt8.com不存在。这表明经过ssbbww了多么漫长的时间之后，我们sSBbWw才认识（deemed）到有必要确保使我们sSBbWw所有8 tt t8.com的儿童都能分享过去若干世纪中“少数幸运儿”所积累起来的知识。

荒凉地区的教育不是一个钱财（monetary）问题。所有8 tt t8.com的人都有平等起点的权利。在那里没有仓促不安的现象，而这种现象在我们sSBbWw的社会中常常www.ssbbww.com妨碍（hamper）正在增长着的个性的全面发展。在那里孩子无时无刻不在父母的关怀下成长，因此www.8 t tt8. com，丛林和荒原里没有“少年（juvenile）犯罪(delinquency)”。人们没有必要离开家园去谋生，所以8ttt8，不会产生孩子无人照管的现象，父亲决不会面临无力为子女教育“出钱”的问题。

名人名言

历史是不可胜数的传记的精髓。

——托马斯·卡莱尔

绘画或一般SsbbwW.com意义上的艺术，就其本身而言，尽管ssbbww.com富于技巧，从事起来困难重重，且结果独特，只不过是一种高贵而富于表现力的语言，作为dddtt思想表达的工具极具价值，但自身毫无价值。

——威廉·斯蒂伦

没有任何dd dtt. com东西会丑恶到了这样一种地步，以至于强烈的光也无法赋予其美丽。光为我们sSBbWw的感觉提供的刺激，以及它如同时ssb§bww.com间和空间一样所具有的一种博大使得万事万物都能变得多姿多彩、令人愉悦，甚至于尸体都具有它独到的美丽。

——爱默生

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